Full profile

Also known asMelissa officinalis, Cyracos
Best forAcute calm under cognitive load
Evidence gradeGrade B — Moderate — several human trials, some mixed results
Studied dose range300–600 mg/day of standardized extract.
Time to effectAcute — effects studied within 1–4 hours of dosing; a 2023 trial extended dosing subchronically.
Best formCyracos or an equivalent phospholipid-complexed extract with a stated rosmarinic-acid content.

Evidence, honestly graded

The Kennedy research group's acute calm-under-load findings have been replicated, and a 2023 subchronic RCT extended the signal beyond single-dose use. Graded on the acute-calm claim specifically. An open-label, uncontrolled n=20 Cyracos study on insomnia is sometimes cited for lemon balm but is not adequate evidence on its own — it is not the basis for this grade and should not be treated as an efficacy claim.

See the full grading rubric — study type, replication, population match, and dose adequacy — in The Evidence Standard.

Side effects

  • Generally well tolerated
  • Possible mild sedation at higher doses

Who should avoid it or check first

  • Thyroid conditions without clinician guidance (theoretical antithyroid activity at high doses)
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding without clinician guidance

Interactions

  • Possible additive sedation with other calming supplements or medications — discuss with a clinician

Stacks well with

  • L-Theanine
  • Lavender (oral)

What to look for on a label

  • Keep the daytime dose modest given possible mild sedation — this fits an evening or as-needed slot better than an all-day stimulant-free stack.
  • Do not cite insomnia benefits — the only supporting data there is a small, open-label, uncontrolled trial.

References

  • Kennedy-group acute calm-under-load RCTs, replicated. Independent replication of lemon balm's acute calm-under-cognitive-load effect across trials. Educational, not a product claim.
  • 2023 subchronic lemon balm RCT. Extended the acute calm signal to subchronic dosing. Educational.

Primary citations for some entries above are still being compiled; those without a linked identifier are editorial summaries of the wider literature.

Grades and studied doses are our conservative reading of the human research, shown for education. They are not product claims, and a studied dose is not a recommended dose.

See how Lemon Balm compares on grade, dose, and goal in the Evidence Explorer.